A Tribute to a Fallen Local Naval Officer: Will McKamey, 19, Dead Following a Blood Clot in His Brain During Football Practice

In honor of Naval Midshipman Will McKamey, 1995-2014. May he rest in peace.

In Honor of a Fallen Naval Officer: Will McKamey of Knoxville, Tennessee (1995-2014), Freshman Runningback for the Navy Midshipman

My dearest friends and beloved family members,

I want to take this opportunity as I did very early this morning in my tweet to pay tribute to the honorable gentleman Will McKamey, who passed away overnight in a coma at the University of Maryland's Shock Trauma Unit in Baltimore following a brave and valiant fight after collapsing during football practice for the Naval Academy at the tender age of 19. He was a native of Knoxville, Tennessee, my hometown. McKamey now has embarked upon his final mission, sailing to the second star on the left, and on till he reaches a new dawn and an eternal morning, never to know a twilight because his candle burned out long before his legend ever will.

As a young man who signed along the dotted line to play in Annapolis for the legendary football program, McKamey also signed himself into service for you, your neighbors next door and across the street, his family and friends, his fellow midshipmen, and me. He agreed to serve all of America so that we may remain forever free. He signed what he knew was the contract that could be his last, and he did so willingly and as a brave soldier, a warrior prepared to fight to the death if necessary. He died in a hospital following a bad break in practice from a blood clot in his brain, but let there be no doubt that he fell on the field of battle serving this blessed nation, our last best hope for the salvation of the greatest mankind has to offer.

Ray Chapman, Major League Baseball Player

Dale Earnhardt, NASCAR driver

In the spirit of sport, we never take into account that it, too, is a field of battle. In 1920, Cleveland Indians player Ray Chapman was beamed in the temple during the age where no player donned protective head gear, only their ball caps. Chapman died as a result, still the lone such casualty in baseball history, and his swan song on Earth was sung doing what he loved most: playing on a Major League Baseball diamond as one of a mere few scores comprising of the day's boys of summer. In 2001, Dale Earnhardt, to date the NASCAR Winston Cup driver tied with "The King" Richard Petty for the most championships, was tragically killed attempting to block the passing oppositions' cars for his teammates to speed by during "The Great American Race," known to fans as the Daytona 500. A man of middle age, Earnhardt certainly had many more good years to live had this not occurred. Instead, he also was called Home to Glory, driving along in old number 3 to his last finish line that will evermore remain for him to cross.

McKamey's tragedy, however, transcends these two sad chapters in the history of sport. Chapman and Earnhardt especially lived to see an advanced adulthood. McKamey was never granted such quarter. But the legacy he will leave behind for his family and friends and for the nation that regardless of the terrain - in the trenches on the gridiron or on the U.S.S. Arizona at Pearl Harbor on the day which forever will live in infamy - he served the United State Navy and died all the same: in service to you and me. And as we wave goodbye to him as he sails unto the stars in the heavens manning his "Old Ironsides," we will never forget his courage, his passion for football, but most of all the human being and model Christian, a soldier of God and disciple of Jesus, so long as there are recorded annuls to be read. 

Billy Joel once sang that only the good die young, and well, I believe we may safely claim that McKamey did. He died for us, his beloved family and dear friends, but also served his ultimate purpose by touching what lives he could until God declared he had performed a job well done. And in the end, what really matters is how God deemed his efforts while living on Earth to have been spent. He spent them well and ever wisely, and in what for us as the finite flesh bearers may appear as a sad, untimely passing, he did God's work on time. In the end, this is all he could hope to accomplish. 

At the funeral of President John F. Kennedy, the "Navy Hymn" was performed by the Navy Band, and sung as the favorite song of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in April 1945. The full title, "Eternal Father," was written into poetic verse in 1860 by William Whiting of Winchester, England for a student preparing to set sail to the U.S. The next year, the melody was composed by another fellow Englishman, the Episcopalian clergyman Rev. John Bacchus Dykes. In honor of Midshipman Will McKamey, a fallen naval officer, I wish to share with you in closing this poem, so beautiful and yet even more so apropos. He never dropped anchor, because his dawn of an Eternal Day has only just begun.

William Whiting, 1825-1878

Eternal Father (Navy Hymn), 1860

by William Whiting

Verse 1: 

Eternal Father, strong to save,

Whose arm hath bound the restless wave, 

Who bidd'st the mighty ocean deep

Its own appointed limits keep;

Oh, hear us when we cry to Thee,

For those in peril on the sea! 

Verse 2: 

O Christ! Whose voice the waters heard

And hushed their raging at Thy word,

Who walked'st on the foaming deep,

And calm amidst its rage didst sleep;

Oh, hear us when we cry to Thee,

For those in peril on the sea!

Verse 3: 

Most Holy Spirit! Who didst brood

Upon the chaos dark and rude,

And bid its angry tumult cease,

And give, for wild confusion, peace;

Oh, hear us when we cry to Thee,

For those in peril on the sea! 

Verse 4: 

O Trinity of love and power!

Our brethren shield in danger's hour; 

From rock and tempest, fire and foe, 

Protect them wheresoe'er they go;

Thus evermore shall rise to Thee

Glad hymns of praise from land and sea.

My Attack on Knox County Schools Superintendent Dr. Jim McIntyre in the Hours Following His "State of the Schools" Address

Above: Dr. Jim McIntyre, Superintendent of Knox County (TN) Schools

My Reaction to Dr. Jim McIntyre's "State of the Schools" Address for Knox County, Tennessee

February 12, 2014 was the third annual Knox County Schools Superintendent Dr. Jim McIntyre's delivering of - and let me ensure that I word this as presidentially as possible - the State of the Schools Address. When I listened to his declaration on the 11:00 PM news that teachers must be provided with greater autonomy in the classroom in order to encourage and to instill greater creativity in teaching students, the only rhetorical response I conjured was to call "bullshit" since he is the main mouthpiece whispering into Gov. Bill Haslam's good ear to implement greater and more asinine regulations and standards with the emphasis on these policies of teaching students not what two-plus-two equals and the answer be two as well as why, but in how to work two-plus-two and adapt it to performing better and to excel on standardized state and district exams in accordance to what the U.S. Department of Education declares is proper and absolute without providing the right to true flexibility in learning different methods for acquiring knowledge to succeed even for the administering of the standardized exams. 

When an appointed, non-democratically elected politician like Dr. McIntyre who has absolutely no popular mandate for implementing county educational policies declares his conviction that teachers need more autonomy to encourage and to instill greater creativity within the classroom setting, what he is really stating is that by providing teachers with this enhanced flexibility in their pedagogical methods towards performing their duties, he is only promulgating that the county and state education boards should only advocate granting teachers more measures to educate students how to pass state and local school districts' standardized tests, not to teaching critical thinking and conceptual analysis that beget true intellectual growth and the manifestation and nurturing of making common sense decisions in everyday life situations. To listen to a student by the name of Ethan Young from our school system destroy the credibility of Common Core is immeasurable in his insight beyond his years as to how it has crippled the nation's schools by stifling the true measure of a student, which is not quantifiable by testing percentiles:

Teachers also have ripped the system in Knox County:

And the coup de gras from Dr. McIntyre himself, who two years divulged his undying support for Common Core and the ever-growing draconian teacher evaluations which are driving many of the wonderful educators I have known for the majority of my life into early retirement based upon their inability to meet a minutia of a standards leading to their ultimately either being terminated or likewise:

Common Core will not provide for students the most important life skill of reasoning as opposed to the government's preference that they instead learn to accept unadulterated absolutism amid its blind indoctrination. It will only manifest a culture of rising adults who know nothing about how to analyze and create conceptual plans of action in their critical thinking attributes, which will be nonexistent. And to pin these failures in educating students of minority races and of low income on faculty is abhorrent and unwarranted since Dr. McIntyre is among those within the government who would seek to continue implementing the policy of maintaining the status quo in order to strengthen his stranglehold on power. Teachers and principals cannot alter this sad state of affairs for the poor; that can only be realized by voting out of office those elected official who not only perpetuate more poverty through their failed economic policies, but who also create more poverty and discord.

When the day finally arrives where the federal, state, and local departments of education and school districts are abolished and public education is both privatized and paid for by the people's tax dollars they themselves earned and are allowed to keep through the fruits of their labors have finally the liberty of choice in determining which schools their children will attend which is in agreement with both the families' religious and cultural values, the practice of government socialized indoctrination of America's children will be rendered impotent and obsolete.

***

WVLT Volunteer News 8: 2013 Knox County Schools "State of the Schools" Address Delivered by Dr. Jim McIntyre

Knox County Superintendent spells out State of the Schools
Updated: Wed 1:50 PM, Feb 12, 2014

KNOXVILLE, Tenn. (WVLT) Knox County Schools Superintendent Doctor Jim McIntyre laid out his State of the Schools address, Tuesday evening.

Dr. McIntyre said he is happy with the implementation of his strategic plan so far, and looks forward to staying aggressive in implementing the next five year strategic plan.

Dr. McIntyre admitted that the changes he has, and continues to propose, are radical, but they will pay off to be rewarding.

He also said Knox County Schools are seeing unprecedented academic achievement levels, and recently received all A's on the state report card.

"That's the first time that has ever happened," McIntyre said.

Dr. McIntyre also said he will work toward increasing teacher's salary, since Knox County teachers are currently 35th in the state for pay.

Halls Elementary school teacher, Amber Roundtree says that may sound good, but she isn't convinced it's necessary.

"My concern is, will it be tied to merit pay? I think that's also something we've heard over and over again from our educators, because we don't want merit pay. And there's really no scientific research that shows that merit pay makes a better teacher," Roundtree said.

Dr. McIntyre also addressed the need to close the achievement gap between races and income levels, as well as creating an individualized instruction plan for every student.

You can read more of some of the changes Dr. McIntyre would like to implement, as well as his action steps by clicking on the link. 

Oh, How I Long for the Time When Grown-Ups Were in Charge: These are the Times Which Try Men's Souls

Subject: Let Us Return to Yesterday, Not to a Tomorrow of Dystopia

For those who may wonder how a leader should conduct himself when the forces of international corruption would derail the democratic legal processes, look no further than President Ronald Reagan's manner of dealing with the union strike illegally launched by the employees of the air traffic controllers' union, all of whom were employed by the federal government, on August 3, 1981 when he first warned and then acted swiftly and decisively in terminating the jobs of the union strikers. Big labor is still a major prohibitive wall to true economic growth and the maintenance of the continuity of American jobs within the private sector. To best grasp President Reagan's swift and decisive measures by which he initiated the economic portion of the Reagan Revolution, simply watch how he conducted his press conference in the Rose Garden about the situation:

Or how he communicated his quest for fiscal restraint and accountability by specifically demanding that Congress approve of his budget to begin the processes of cutting government expenditures:

And how "The Gipper" began to destroy the Soviet Union by his declaration of its being "an evil empire":

How he changed the rules by which the Cold War would be played with his announcement of the most ambitious military project in world history, the Strategic Defense Initiative (aka. "Star Wars"):

And the most public declaration of all, for Mr. Gorbachev to seek peace for the Soviet Union and "tear down" the Berlin Wall:

The results were both evident and clear because the Berlin Wall did fall in 1989 after Reagan left the Oval Office in January of that year:

And Reagan's commentary and approval for the occasion:

During the era of Thatcherism in the United Kingdom, the Iron Lady crippled labor and trade unions within the northern borders of England and that of Scotland which had wrought upon Her Majesty's subjects the infamous slogan of "the sick man of Europe" culminating in socialism's final emaciation of the British economy known as the Winter of Discontent in 1979. Upon her ascent to her role of Prime Minister of Great Britain, Margaret Thatcher embarked upon an ambitious plan of stifling once and for all the fallacies circuitous of the mission behind the absolute supremacy of the state: she initiated the practice of deregulation and privatization of state-owned corporations such as Jaguar, Rolls-Royce, Rover, British Airways and British Petroleum (BP), multitudes of public utilities and scores more in state public expenditure programs and bureaucracies. Where Labour was not working, Thatcher and the Conservative Party did. The result was the phenomena behind the British economic miracle which reduced massive unemployment and the rate of inflation from its 1979 levels of 26% to her astonishing accomplishment through her faith in the British people to endeavor within the infinite confines of the combined ingenuities of Britons from the cockney peoples of London to Cardiff and Northumberland, until it reached Northern Ireland. With her alliance with President Reagan in confronting the evil empire of the Soviet Union and the initiation of a long and protracted conflict with international foreign terrorists and for Britain, the Irish Republican Army (IRA), and because of this commitment to maintaining the peace and seeking the moral high ground of proliferating liberty, the world was not allowed to be destroyed by the love for the bomb, but by measures of deterrence and strength.

Politics are the one arena of social phenomena by which a politician practicing it may use his personal values and core principles to convince those within the gray area of doubt to adhere to his or her side of the issues in order to become elected. The manner of adherence to the law is quite another. The rule of law is the key component to the social contract we as the popular sovereignty through the general will tacitly agree in principle with the democratically elected leadership within our republican framework of government. Those who choose to violate the law, to act in dissension towards that by which the legitimacy of the state is to be drawn within the framework of said covenant should expect nothing less than to suffer the legal consequences the prescribed remedies dictate as its terms to punish the violations of criminal and tort laws.

America has been bereft of the presence of a true leader since Reagan's exiting from the White House in 1989. George H.W. Bush did not meet the criteria by which these standards were set by Ronald Reagan due to his fickle nature amid facing the heat of pressure emanating from Congress. Bill Clinton failed miserably for his wanton ethical and moral virtues and the corruption through which his campaign supporters and his international nefarity with Hu Jintao's Chinese government regarding the exchange of top secret nuclear and other military secrets manifested. George W. Bush maintained the most inconsistently incongruous slate of foreign and domestic policies in the modern history of the GOP as he is classified taxonomically as a neoconservative ("neocom"). And Barack Obama's concept of change in which we can believe was to destroy the American Dream and render our once great nation to the role of the puppet to our foreign enemies and international terrorist cells rather than standing high atop our shining city upon a hill. American Exceptionalism once spread globally whether or not our might meant we were making right via morality; today, our nation is the laughing stock of the free world, and a former Soviet KGB officer now possesses de facto hegemony over the more than 7 billion heartbeats and thoughts sprinkle worldwide. The Reagan Revolution, "Morning in America," has now met its twilight of encouraging individual ingenuity and free competitive spirits by being stifled rather than encouraged, our core values and principles once resonating from our forefathers landing upon this continent being historically revised and the stories told as if it never happened as it did nor at all, and the yeoman resolve which was our sacred covenant within Hector St. John De Crevecoeur's Letters from an American Farmer is now gone. It is now mourning in America.

The morning to which America awakened itself more than 30 years ago following the near destruction of our exceptionalism due to the failed incompetencies of presidents Richard Nixon through Jimmy Carter has now been retracted to its former state. We no longer operate among our allies nor enemies from a position of strength, but from one of cowardice, blatant lies and unbridled deceit. The art of politicizing has never been one comprised of brutal honesty, and today, this has never been more evident. If America is to reawaken to a new morning upon the horizon, we the people must act accordingly, and with swift and decisive resolve. We cannot allow an obvious lie lead to our death knell; we must reaffirm and reestablish ourselves as the popular sovereignty comprising of the general will, not government ruling absolute and amid corrupt bargains. President Obama could learn a great deal from the show of stern resolve of Ronald Reagan. 

Today, the free world is mired amid the greatest international series of crises to popular sovereignty and the general welfare since the conclusion of the Cold War on New Years Eve 1991. When the Soviet Union collapsed beneath the weight of its own tyranny, the world was suddenly bereft of one pole of the bipolar superpower infrastructure and in its stead, left remaining with one: we the people of the United States who were borne of and for the purpose to form a more, but not absolute, perfect union. Over the past generation, the world has beared witness to the alarming rise to the threats of privately-funded and the state-sponsored international terrorist cells consistent within the tenets of Islamic fundamentalism and the continual onslaught from those such as the IRA over the partition of the Emerald Isle which have rendered a world of free peoples to its knees through the awesome mass violent and genocidal activities in the name of a deity and the prophet and nationalist bigotry from the oppressor towards the oppressed. 

When Ronald Reagan declared that America held the torch of freedom throughout the 20th Century, he could not have possibly foreseen a new world order subsequent by a generation governed under the stench of appeasement as opposed to the acquisition of peace through the measures of strength. America did not acquire its peaceful manifestation of our great experiment of popular democracy through republicanism by the measures of cowardly appeasement; it will not today, nor will it ever. A free people cannot proliferate as such if one limb is severed from the rest of its tree. The tree of liberty will never cease to grow from the seed it was sown. If an evil empire as is consistent within the description of the basic tenets of the Russian Federation in its wielding of de facto power within the Eurasian and Near East corridors of the world should first succeed in dismembering one branch from the rest of the tree, her decapitation is only a infinite future away from utter deforestation. We cannot permit this, nor should our allies. We cannot allow Vladimir Putin to annex the Crimean Peninsula through the bearing of false witness to the mockery of popular sovereignty in tacit discord to the legitimacy granted government in power in the Ukrainian capital of Kiev. To appease Putin is to cede to him territory not of his property. Once the Crimean Peninsula is forfeited, it can only be reacquired by Ukraine as so many other nations around the Black Sea have attempted over the centuries with at best mixed successes: the tragic phenomenon of catastrophic warfare which will open Pandora's box and render our world, an Earth borne of natural liberty but ceded due to the false belief in idolatry to those promulgating the supremacy of the state, to the state of despair amid moral decadence and the loss of all hope for mankind to acquire the essential liberty for their sacred preservations of their honor, their fortunes, and their lives controlled by a finite source. If, according to Thomas Jefferson, the tree of liberty must again be refreshed by its natural fodder of the spilt blood of patriots and tyrants, so shall it be. But no one wishes for a war which would kill millions, and we should aim at coercing Russian president Vladimir Putin by our strength in dictating the strict guidelines of terms for which the negotiations and mediations must be adhered. Putin does not nor will he ever yield to anything other than sheer peaceful force by our greater strength.

There are measures by which America must lead the charge to crushing the Russian effort to destroy popular sovereignty in the Ukraine that do not require shots being fired, but we must remember to again do so through our position of strength as we are the shining city upon a hill in hearkening upon Jesus Christ's delivery his historic Sermon on the Mount. We have never perfected liberty, and no government nor our own elected representation within the body of republican government ever will, but this does not imply that we shall stop and undercut our systems of core values, beliefs and principles. Until the day when a new spiritual great awakening calls upon us all and we are to realize that we as sinners exist under the hands of benevolence and inherent love from our God and the laws of nature, the bases by which we have declared for all posterity that our liberty is to forever be on the march, guaranteed to each of their offspring, so should the liberties inherent within the hearts of the oppressed by the oppressors globally be recognized in kind.

Will America Once Again Realize Her Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood?

Will America Once Again Realize Her Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood?

(Above: Fred Rogers, host of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood from 1968 to 2001.)

Fred Rogers was a wonderful human being, and moreover, the last of a line of classic pop culture icons who was much beloved by those who were raised watching his daily program on PBS, Mister Roger's Neighborhood. Upon his death nearly 13 years ago, I reflected upon the true significance of the occasion. This fundamental truth, so sad in its absolutism, is that upon his passing, the last true representative of a bygone era where our society truly believed in the good nature of mankind, and that our generation, the "millennials," were to be the last best hope for humanity and perpetuating ad infinitum this culture, were reduced to the very ashes carried through the winds of change soon to be the heap about which history warned us in chronicling our projections a dystopian future archaeologists and anthropologists will study and critique about what was once a shining city upon a hill in accordance to John Winthrop, the governing figure and minister of the Congregational church in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the spirit and 1,400 years since the landmark diction within Jesus Christ's epic "Sermon on the Mount." The following passage by Winthrop will in elaborative detail describe the initial premise upon which Massachusetts was settled, courtesy of Hanover University:

(Above: John Winthrop, minister and leader of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.)

John Winthrop,

A Modell of Christian Charity

(1630) 

Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society

(Boston, 1838), 3rd series 7:31-48.)

WRITTEN ON BOARD THE ARBELLA, ON THE ATLANTIC OCEAN.

[Page 33] By the Hon. John Winthrop Esqr. In his passage (with a great company of Religious people, of which Christian tribes he was the Brave Leader and famous Governor;) from the Island of Great Brittaine to New-England in the North America. Anno 1630.

CHRISTIAN CHARITIE.

A Modell hereof.

GOD ALMIGHTY in his most holy and wise providence, hath soe disposed of the condition of' mankind, as in all times some must be rich, some poore, some high and eminent in power and dignitie; others mean and in submission.

The Reason hereof.

1 Reas. First to hold conformity with the rest of his world, being delighted to show forth the glory of his wisdom in the variety and difference of the creatures, and the glory of his power in ordering all these differences for the preservation and good of the whole; and the glory of his greatness, that as it is the glory of princes to have many officers, soe this great king will haue many stewards, Counting himself more honoured in dispensing his gifts to man by man, than if he did it by his owne immediate hands.

2 Reas. Secondly that he might haue the more occasion to manifest the work of his Spirit: first upon the wicked in [Page 34] moderating and restraining them: soe that the riche and mighty should not eate upp the poore nor the poore and dispised rise upp against and shake off theire yoake. 2ly In the regenerate, in exerciseing his graces in them, as in the grate ones, theire love, mercy, gentleness, temperance &c., in the poore and inferior sorte, theire faithe, patience, obedience &c.

3 Reas. Thirdly, that every man might have need of others, and from hence they might be all knitt more nearly together in the Bonds of brotherly affection. From hence it appears plainly that noe man is made more honourable than another or more wealthy &c., out of any particular and singular respect to himselfe, but for the glory of his creator and the common good of the creature, man. Therefore God still reserves the propperty of these gifts to himself as Ezek. 16. 17. he there calls wealthe, his gold and his silver, and Prov. 3. 9. he claims theire service as his due, honor the Lord with thy riches &c.--All men being thus (by divine providence) ranked into two sorts, riche and poore; under the first are comprehended all such as are able to live comfortably by their own meanes duely improved; and all others are poore according to the former distribution. There are two rules whereby we are to walk one towards another: Justice and Mercy. These are always distinguished in their act and in their object, yet may they both concurre in the same subject in eache respect; as sometimes there may be an occasion of showing mercy to a rich man in some sudden danger or distresse, and alsoe doeing of meere justice to a poor man in regard of some perticular contract &c. There is likewise a double Lawe by which wee are regulated in our conversation towardes another; in both the former respects, the lawe of nature and the lawe of grace, or the morrall lawe or the lawe of the gospell, to omitt the rule of justice as not propperly belonging to this purpose otherwise than it may fall into consideration in some perticular cases. By the first of these lawes man as he was enabled soe withall is commanded to love his neighbour as himself. Upon this ground stands all the precepts of the morrall lawe, which concernes our dealings with men. To apply this to the works of mercy; this lawe requires two things. First that every man afford his help to another in every [Page 35] want or distresse. Secondly, that hee performe this out of the same affection which makes him carefull of his owne goods, according to that of our Savior, (Math.) Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you. This was practised by Abraham and Lot in entertaining the angells and the old man of Gibea. The lawe of Grace or of the Gospell hath some difference from the former; as in these respects, First the lawe of nature was given to man in the estate of innocency; this of the Gospell in the estate of regeneracy. 2ly, the former propounds one man to another, as the same flesh and image of God; this as a brother in Christ allsoe, and in the communion of the same Spirit, and soe teacheth to put a difference between christians and others. Doe good to all, especially to the household of faith; upon this ground the Israelites were to putt a difference betweene the brethren of such as were strangers though not of the Canaanites.

3ly. The Lawe of nature would give no rules for dealing with enemies, for all are to be considered as friends in the state of innocency, but the Gospell commands loue to an enemy. Proofe. If thine Enemy hunger, feed him; Love your Enemies, doe good to them that hate you. Math. 5. 44.

This lawe of the Gospell propounds likewise a difference of seasons and occasions. There is a time when a christian must sell all and give to the poor, as they did in the Apostles times. There is a time allsoe when christians (though they give not all yet) must give beyond their abillity, as they of Macedonia, Cor. 2, 6. Likewise community of perills calls for extraordinary liberality, and soe doth community in some speciall service for the churche. Lastly, when there is no other means whereby our christian brother may be relieved in his distress, we must help him beyond our ability rather than tempt God in putting him upon help by miraculous or extraordinary meanes.

This duty of mercy is exercised in the kinds, Giueving, lending and forgiving.--

Quest. What rule shall a man observe in giueving in respect of the measure?

Ans. If the time and occasion be ordinary he is to giue out of his abundance. Let him lay aside as God hath blessed him. If the time and occasion be extraordinary, [Page 36] he must be ruled by them; taking this withall, that then a man cannot likely doe too much, especially if he may leave himselfe and his family under probable means of comfortable subsistence.

Object. A man must lay upp for posterity, the fathers lay upp for posterity and children, and he is worse than an infidell that provideth not for his owne.

Ans. For the first, it is plaine that it being spoken by way of comparison, it must be meant of the ordinary and usuall course of fathers, and cannot extend to times and occasions extraordinary. For the other place the Apostle speaks against such as walked inordinately, and it is without question, that he is worse than an infidell who through his owne sloathe and voluptuousness shall neglect to provide for his family.--

Object. The wise man's Eies are in his head, saith Solomon, and foreseeth the plague; therefore he must forecast and lay upp against evill times when hee or his may stand in need of all he can gather.

Ans. This very Argument Solomon useth to persuade to liberallity, Eccle.: Cast thy bread upon the waters, and for thou knowest not what evill may come upon the land. Luke 26. Make you friends of the riches of iniquity; you will ask how this shall be? very well. For first he that giues to the poore, lends to the lord and he will repay him even in this life an hundredfold to him or his.-- The righteous is ever mercifull and lendeth and his seed enjoyeth the blessing; and besides wee know what advantage it will be to us in the day of account when many such witnesses shall stand forth for us to witnesse the improvement of our tallent. And I would know of those whoe pleade soe much for laying up for time to come, whether they holde that to be Gospell, Math. 16. 19. Lay not upp for yourselves Treasures upon Earth &c. If they acknowledge it, what extent will they allowe it? if only to those primitive times, let them consider the reason whereopon our Saviour groundes it. The first is that they are subject to the moathe, the rust, tbe theife. Secondly, They will steale away the hearte; where the treasure is there will ye heart be allsoe. The reasons are of like force at all times. Therefore the exhortation must be generall and perpetuall, withallwayes in respect of the love and affection [Page 37] to riches and in regard of the things themselves when any speciall seruice for the churche or perticular Distresse of our brother doe call for the use of them; otherwise it is not only lawfull but necessary to lay upp as Joseph did to haue ready uppon such occasions, as the Lord (whose stewards wee are of them) shall call for them from us; Christ giues us an Instance of the first, when hee sent his disciples for the Ass, and bidds them answer the owner thus, the Lord hath need of him: soe when the Tabernacle was to be built, he sends to his people to call for their silver and gold, &c; and yeildes noe other reason but that it was for his worke. When Elisha comes to the widow of Sareptah and findes her preparing to make ready her pittance for herselfe and family, he bids her first provide for him, he challengeth first God's parte which she must first give before shee must serve her owne family. All these teache us that the Lord lookes that when hee is pleased to call for his right in any thing wee haue, our owne interest wee haue, must stand aside till his turne be served. For the other, wee need looke noe further then to that of John 1. he whoe hath this world's goodes and seeth his brother to neede and shutts upp his compassion from him, how dwelleth the loue of God in him, which comes punctually to this conclusion; if thy brother be in want and thou canst help him, thou needst not make doubt, what thou shouldst doe; if thou louest God thou must help him.

Quest. What rule must wee observe in lending?

Ans. Thou must observe whether thy brother hath present or probable or possible means of repaying thee, if there be none of those, thou must give him according to his necessity, rather then lend him as he requires; if he hath present means of repaying thee, thou art to look at him not as an act of mercy, but by way of Commerce, wherein thou arte to walk by the rule of justice; but if his means of repaying thee be only probable or possible, then is hee an object of thy mercy, thou must lend him, though there be danger of losing it, Deut. 15. 7. If any of thy brethren be poore &c., thou shalt lend him sufficient. That men might not shift off this duty by the apparent hazzard, he tells them that though the yeare of Jubile were at hand (when he must remitt it, if hee were not able to [Page 38] repay it before) yet he must lend him and that chearefully. It may not greive thee to give him (saith hee) and because some might object, why soe I should soone impoverishe myself and my family, he adds with all thy worke &c; for our Saviour, Math. 5. 42. From him that would borrow of thee turne not away.

Quest. What rule must we observe in forgiuing?

Ans. Whether thou didst lend by way of commerce or in mercy, if he hath nothing to pay thee, must forgive, (except in cause where thou hast a surety or a lawfull pleadge) Deut. 15. 2. Every seaventh yeare the Creditor was to quitt that which he lent to his brother if he were poore as appears ver. 8. Save when there shall be no poore with thee. In all these and like cases, Christ was a generall rule, Math. 7. 22. Whatsoever ye would that men should doe to you, doe yee the same to them allsoe.

Quest. What rule must wee observe and walke by in cause of community of perill?

Ans. The same as before, but with more enlargement towards others and lesse respect towards ourselves and our owne right. Hence it was that in the primitive Churche they sold all, had all things in common, neither did any man say that which he possessed was his owne. Likewise in theire returne out of the captivity, because the worke was greate for the restoring of the church and the danger of enemies was common to all, Nehemiah directs the Jews to liberallity and readiness in remitting theire debts to theire brethren, and disposing liberally to such as wanted, and stand not upon their owne dues which they might have demanded of them. Thus did some of our Forefathers in times of persecution in England, and soe did many of the faithful of other churches, whereof wee keepe an honorable remembrance of them; and it is to be observed that both in Scriptures and latter stories of the churches that such as have beene most bountifull to the poore saintes, especially in those extraordinary times and occasions, God hath left them highly commended to posterity, as Zacheus, Cornelius, Dorcas, Bishop Hooper, the Cuttler of Brussells and divers others. Observe againe that the Scripture gives noe caussion to restraine any from being over liberall this way; but all men to the liberall and cherefull practise hereof by the sweeter promises; as [Page 39] to instance one for many, Isaiah 58. 6. Is not this the fast I have chosen to loose the bonds of wickedness, to take off the heavy burdens, to lett the oppressed go free and to breake every yoake, to deale thy bread to the hungry and to bring the poore that wander into thy house, when thou seest the naked to cover them; and then shall thy light brake forth as the morning and thy healthe shall growe speedily, thy righteousness shall goe before God, and the glory of the Lord shalt embrace thee; then thou shall call and the Lord shall answer thee &c., Ch. 2. 10. If thou power out thy soule to the hungry, then shall thy light spring out in darkness, and the Lord shall guide thee continually, and satisfie thy soule in draught, and make falt thy bones, thou shalt be like a watered garden, and they shalt be of thee that shall build the old wast places &c. On the contrary most heavy cursses are layed upon such as are straightened towards the Lord and his people, Judg. 5. Cursse the Meroshe because he came not to help the Lord. Hee whoe shutteth his eares from hearing the cry of the poore, he shall cry and shall not be heard; Math. 25. Goe ye curssed into everlasting fire &c. I was hungry and ye fedd mee not, Cor. 2. 9. 16. He that soweth sparingly shall reape sparingly. Haveing already sett forth the practice of mercy according to the rule of God's lawe, it will be useful to lay open the groundes of it allsoe, being the other parte of the Commandment and that is the affection from which this exercise of mercy must arise, the Apostle tells us that this love is the fullfilling of the lawe, not that it is enough to loue our brother and soe noe further; but in regard of the excellency of his partes giueing any motion to the other as the soule to the body and the power it hath to sett all the faculties on worke in the outward exercise of this duty; as when wee bid one make the clocke strike, he doth not lay hand on the hammer, which is the immediate instrument of the sound, but setts on worke the first mouer or maine wheele; knoweing that will certainely produce the sound which he intends. Soe the way to drawe men to the workes of mercy, is not by force of Argument from the goodness or necessity of the worke; for though this cause may enforce, a rationall minde to some present act of mercy, as is frequent in experience, yet it cannot worke such a habit in [Page 40] a soule, as shall make it prompt upon all occasions to produce the same effect, but by frameing these affections of loue in the hearte which will as naturally bring forthe the other, as any cause doth produce the effect.

The deffinition which the Scripture giues us of loue is this. Love is the bond of perfection, first it is a bond or ligament. 2ly it makes the worke perfect. There is noe body but consists of partes and that which knitts these partes together, giues the body its perfection, because it makes eache parte soe contiguous to others as thereby they doe mutually participate with each other, both in strengthe and infirmity, in pleasure and paine. To instance in the most perfect of all bodies; Christ and his Church make one body; the severall partes of this body considered a parte before they were united, were as disproportionate and as much disordering as soe many contrary quallities or elements, but when Christ comes, and by his spirit and loue knitts all these partes to himselfe and each to other, it is become the most perfect and best proportioned body in the world, Eph. 4. 16. Christ, by whome all the body being knitt together by every joint for the furniture thereof, according to the effectuall power which is in the measure of every perfection of partes, a glorious body without spott or wrinkle; the ligaments hereof being Christ, or his love, for Christ is love, 1 John 4. 8. Soe this definition is right. Love is the bond of perfection.

[Page 40] From hence we may frame these conclusions. 1. First of all, true Christians are of one body in Christ, 1 Cor. 12. 12. 13. 17. Ye are the body of Christ and members of their parte. All the partes of this body being thus vnited are made soe contiguous in a speciall relation as they must needes partake of each other's strength and infirmity; joy and sorrowe, weale and woe. 1 Cor. 12. 26. If one member suffers, all suffer with it, if one be in honor, all rejoyce with it. 2ly. The ligaments of this body which knitt together are loue. 3ly. Noe body can be perfect which wants its proper ligament. 5ly. This sensibleness and sympathy of each other's conditions will necessarily infuse into each parte a native desire and endeavour, to strengthen, defend, preserve and comfort the other. To insist a little on this conclusion being the product of all the former, the truthe hereof will appeare both by precept [Page 41] and patterne. 1 John 3. 10. Yee ought to lay doune your lives for the brethren. Gal. 6. 2. beare ye one another's burthen's and soe fulfill the lawe of Christ. For patterns wee haue that first of our Saviour whoe out of his good will in obedience to his father, becomeing a parte of this body and being knitt with it in the bond of loue, found such a natiue sensibleness of our infirmities and sorrowes as he willingly yielded himselfe to deathe to ease the infirmities of the rest of his body, and soe healed theire sorrowes. From the like sympathy of partes did the Apostles and many thousands of the Saintes lay doune theire lives for Christ. Againe the like wee may see in the members of this body among themselves. 1 Rom. 9. Paule could have been contented to have been separated from Christ, that the Jewes might not be cutt off from the body. It is very observable what hee professeth of his affectionate partaking with every member; whoe is weake (saith hee)and I am not weake? whoe is offended and I burne not; and againe, 2 Cor. 7. 13. therefore wee are comforted because yee were comforted. Of Epaphroditus he speaketh, Phil. 2. 30. that he regarded not his owne life to do him service. Soe Phebe and others are called the servants of the churche.Now it is apparent that they served not for wages, or by constrainte, but out of loue. The like we shall finde in the histories of the churche, in all ages; the sweete sympathie of affections which was in the members of this body one towards another; theire chearfullness in serueing and suffering together; how liberall they were without repineing, harbourers without grudgeing, and helpfull without reproaching; and all from hence, because they had feruent loue amongst them; which onely makes the practise of mercy constant and easie.

The next consideration is how this loue comes to be wrought. Adam in his first estate was a perfect modell of mankinde in all their generations, and in him this loue was perfected in regard of the habit. But Adam, rent himselfe from his Creator, rent all his posterity allsoe one from another; whence it comes that every man is borne with this principle in him to loue and seeke himselfe onely, and thus a man continueth till Christ comes and takes possession of the soule and infuseth another principle, loue to God and our brother, and this latter haueing continuall [Page 42] supply from Christ, as the head and roote by which he is vnited, gets the predomining in the soule, soe by little and little expells the former. 1 John 4. 7. loue cometh of God and every one that loueth is borne of God, soe that this loue is the fruite of the new birthe, and none can have it but the new creature. Now when this quallity is thus formed in the soules of men, it workes like the Spirit upon the drie bones. Ezek. 39. bone came to bone. It gathers together the scattered bones, or perfect old man Adam, and knitts them into one body againe in Christ, whereby a man is become againe a living soule.

The third consideration is concerning the exercise of this loue, which is twofold, inward or outward. The outward hath beene handled in the former preface of this discourse. From unfolding the other wee must take in our way that maxime of philosophy. Simile simili gaudet, or like will to like; for as of things which are turned with disaffection to eache other, the ground of it is from a dissimilitude or ariseing from the contrary or different nature of the things themselves; for the ground of loue is an apprehension of some resemblance in the things loued to that which affects it. This is the cause why the Lord loues the creature, soe farre as it hathe any of his Image in it; he loues his elect because they are like himselfe, he beholds them in his beloued sonne. So a mother loues her childe, because shee throughly conceives a resemblance of herselfe in it. Thus it is betweene the members of Christ; eache discernes, by the worke of the Spirit, his oune Image and resemblance in another, and therefore cannot but loue him as he loues himself. Now when the soule, which is of a sociable nature, findes anything like to itselfe, it is like Adam when Eve was brought to him. She must be one with himselfe. This is flesh of my flesh (saith he) and bone of my bone. Soe the soule conceives a greate delighte in it; therefore shee desires nearness and familiarity with it. Shee hath a greate propensity to doe it good and receiues such content in it, as fearing the miscarriage of her beloved, shee bestowes it in the inmost closett of her heart. Shee will not endure that it shall want any good which shee can giue it. If by occasion shee be withdrawne from the company of it, shee is still looking towardes the place where shee left her beloved. If shee heard it groane, shee [Page 43] is with it presently. If shee finde it sadd and disconsolate, shee sighes and moanes with it. Shee hath noe such joy as to see her beloved merry and thriving. If shee see it wronged, shee cannot hear it without passion. Shee setts noe boundes to her affections, nor hath any thought of reward. Shee findes recompense enough in the exercise of her loue towardes it. Wee may see this acted to life in Jonathan and David. Jonathan a valiant man endued with the spirit of love, soe soone as he discovered the same spirit in David had presently his hearte knitt to him by this ligament of loue; soe that it is said he loued him as his owne soule, he takes soe great pleasure in him, that hee stripps himselfe to adorne his beloved. His father's kingdome was not soe precious to him as his beloved David, David shall haue it with all his hearte. Himself desires noe more but that hee may be neare to him to rejoyce in his good. Hee chooseth to converse with him in the wildernesse even to the hazzard of his oune life, rather than with the greate Courtiers in his father's Pallace. When hee sees danger towards him, hee spares neither rare paines nor perill to direct it. When injury was offered his beloued David, hee would not beare it, though from his oune father. And when they must parte for a season onely, they thought theire heartes would have broake for sorrowe, had not theire affections found vent by abundance of teares. Other instances might be brought to showe the nature of this affection; as of Ruthe and Naomi, and many others; but this truthe is cleared enough. If any shall object that it is not possible that loue shall he bred or upheld without hope of requitall, it is graunted; but that is not our cause; for this loue is alluayes vnder reward. It never giues, but it alluayes receives with advantage; First in regard that among the members of the same body, loue and affection are reciprocall in a most equall and sweete kinde of cornmerce.

2nly. In regard of the pleasure and content that the exercise of loue carries with it, as wee may see in the naturall body. The mouth is at all the paines to receive and mince the foode which serves for the nourishment of all the other partes of the body; yet it hath noe cause to complaine; for first the other partes send backe, by severall passages, a due proportion of the same nourishment, in a better forme [Page 44] for the strengthening and comforting the mouthe. 2ly the laboure of the mouthe is accompanied with such pleasure and content as farre exceedes the paines it takes. Soe is it in all the labour of love among Christians. The partie louing, reapes loue again, as was showed before, which the soule covetts more then all the wealthe in the world. 3ly. Nothing yeildes more pleasure and content to the soule then when it findes that which it may loue fervently; for to love and live beloved is the soule's paradise both here and in heaven. In the State of wedlock there be many comforts to learne out of the troubles of that Condition; but let such as have tryed the most, say if there be any sweetness in that Condition comparable to the exercise of mutuall loue.

From the former Considerations arise these Conclusions.--1. First, This loue among Christians is a reall thing, not imaginarie. 2ly. This loue is as absolutely necessary to the being of the body of Christ, as the sinews and other ligaments of a naturall body are to the being of that body. 3ly. This loue is a divine, spirituall, nature; free, active, strong, couragious, permanent; undervaluing all things beneathe its propper object and of all the graces, this makes us nearer to resemble the virtues of our heavenly father. 4thly It rests in the loue and wellfare of its beloued. For the full certain knowledge of those truthes concerning the nature, use, and excellency of this grace, that which the holy ghost hath left recorded, 1 Cor. 13, may give full satisfaction, which is needful for every true member of this louely body of the Lord Jesus, to worke upon theire heartes by prayer, meditation continuall exercise at least of the speciall [influence] of this grace, till Christ be formed in them and they in him, all in eache other, knitt together by this bond of loue.

It rests now to make some application of this discourse, by the present designe, which gaue the occasion of writing of it. Herein are 4 things to he propounded; first the persons, 2ly the worke, 3ly the end, 4thly the meanes. 

1. For the persons. Wee are a company professing ourselves fellow members of Christ, in which respect onely though wee were absent from each other many miles, and had our imployments as farre distant, yet wee ought to account ourselves knitt together by this bond of loue, and, [Page 45] live in the exercise of it, if wee would have comforte of our being in Christ. This was notorious in the practise of the Christians in former times; as is testified of the Waldenses, from the mouth of one of the adversaries Aeneas Sylvius "mutuo ament pere antequam norunt," they use to loue any of theire owne religion even before they were acquainted with them. 2nly for the worke wee have in hand. It is by a mutuall consent, through a speciall overvaluing providence and a more than an ordinary approbation of the Churches of Christ, to seeke out a place of cohabitation and Consorteshipp under a due forme of Government both ciuill and ecclesiasticall. In such cases as this, the care of the publique must oversway all private respects, by which, not only conscience, but meare civill pollicy, dothe binde us. For it is a true rule that particular Estates cannot subsist in the ruin of the publique. 3ly The end is to improve our lives to doe more service to the Lord; the comforte and encrease of the body of Christe, whereof we are members; that ourselves and posterity may be the better preserved from the common corruptions of this evill world, to serve the Lord and worke out our Salvation under the power and purity of his holy ordinances. 4thly for the meanes whereby this must be effected. They are twofold, a conformity with the worke and end wee aime at. These wee see are extraordinary, therefore wee must not content ourselves with usuall ordinary meanes. Whatsoever wee did, or ought to have, done, when wee liued in England, the same must wee doe, and more allsoe, where wee goe. That which the most in theire churches mainetaine as truthe in profession onely, wee must bring into familiar and constant practise; as in this duty of loue, wee must loue brotherly without dissimulation, wee must loue one another with a pure hearte fervently. Wee must beare one anothers burthens. We must not looke onely on our owne things, but allsoe on the things of our brethren. Neither must wee thinke that the Lord will beare with such faileings at our hands as he dothe from those among whome wee have lived; and that for these 3 Reasons; 1. In regard of the more neare bond of mariage between him and us, wherein hee hath taken us to be his, after a most [Page 46] strickt and peculiar manner, which will make them the more jealous of our loue and obedience. Soe he tells the people of Israell, you onely have I knowne of all the families of the Earthe, therefore will I punishe you for your Transgressions. 2ly, because the Lord will be sanctified in them that come neare him. We know that there were many that corrupted the service of the Lord; some setting upp altars before his owne; others offering both strange fire and strange sacrifices allsoe; yet there came noe fire from heaven, or other sudden judgement upon them, as did upon Nadab and Abihu, whoe yet wee may think did not sinne presumptuously. 31y When God gives a speciall commission he lookes to have it strictly observed in every article; When he gave Saule a commission to destroy Amaleck, Hee indented with him upon certain articles, and because hee failed in one of the least, and that upon a faire pretense, it lost him the kingdom, which should have beene his reward, if hee had observed his commission. Thus stands the cause betweene God and us. We are entered into Covenant with Him for this worke. Wee haue taken out a commission. The Lord hath given us leave to drawe our own articles. Wee haue professed to enterprise these and those accounts, upon these and those ends. Wee have hereupon besought Him of favour and blessing. Now if the Lord shall please to heare us, and bring us in peace to the place we desire, then hath hee ratified this covenant and sealed our Commission, and will expect a strict performance of the articles contained in it; but if wee shall neglect the observation of these articles which are the ends wee have propounded, and, dissembling with our God, shall fall to embrace this present world and prosecute our carnall intentions, seeking greate things for ourselves and our posterity, the Lord will surely breake out in wrathe against us; be revenged of such a [sinful] people and make us knowe the price of the breache of such a covenant.

Now the onely way to avoyde this shipwracke, and to provide for our posterity, is to followe the counsell of Micah, to doe justly, to love mercy, to walk humbly with our God. For this end, wee must be knitt together, in this worke, as one man. Wee must entertaine each other in brotherly [Page 47] affection. Wee must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities, for the supply of other's necessities. Wee must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekeness, gentlenes, patience and liberality. Wee must delight in eache other; make other's conditions our oune; rejoice together, mourne together, labour and suffer together, allwayes haueving before our eyes our commission and community in the worke, as members of the same body. Soe shall wee keepe the unitie of the spirit in the bond of peace. The Lord will be our God, and delight to dwell among us, as his oune people, and will command a blessing upon us in all our wayes. Soe that wee shall see much more of his wisdome, power, goodness and truthe, than formerly wee haue been acquainted with. Wee shall finde that the God of Israell is among us, when ten of us shall be able to resist a thousand of our enemies; when hee shall make us a prayse and glory that men shall say of succeeding plantations, "the Lord make it likely that of New England." For wee must consider that wee shall be as a citty upon a hill. The eies of all people are uppon us. Soe that if wee shall deale falsely with our God in this worke wee haue undertaken, and soe cause him to withdrawe his present help from us, wee shall be made a story and a by-word through the world. Wee shall open the mouthes of enemies to speake evill of the wayes of God, and all professors for God's sake. Wee shall shame the faces of many of God's worthy servants, and cause theire prayers to be turned into curses upon us till wee be consumed out of the good land whither wee are a goeing.

I shall shutt upp this discourse with that exhortation of Moses, that faithfull servant of the Lord, in his last farewell to Israell, Deut. 30. Beloued there is now sett before us life and good, Death and evill, in that wee are commanded this day to loue the Lord our God, and to loue one another, to walke in his wayes and to keepe his Commandements and his Ordinance and his lawes, and the articles of our Covenant with him, that wee may liue and be multiplied, and that the Lord our God may blesse us in the land whither wee goe to possesse it. But if our heartes shall turne away, soe that wee will not obey, but shall be seduced, and worshipp and serue other Gods, our pleasure and proffitts, and serue them; it is [Page 48] propounded unto us this day, wee shall surely perishe out of the good land whither wee passe over this vast sea to possesse it;

Therefore lett us choose life 

that wee, and our seede 

may liue, by obeyeing His 

voyce and cleaveing to Him, 

for Hee is our life and 

our prosperity.

***

(Left: John Adams; Right: Thomas Jefferson)

In comparing the success of the American Revolution to that of the failed French experience in mob rule and anarchy, the first uprising of radical left-wing subversives to the status quo, John Adams wrote to Thomas Jefferson in June 1813 the following letters during the period upon which the two exchanged more than 150 letters of correspondence, generally regarded by historians as the most significant line of communications between former presidents in U.S. history:

From John Adams:

Quincy June 28th 1813

Dear Sir:

It is very true, that “the denunciations of the Priesthood are fulminated against every Advocate for a compleat Freedom of Religion.”1 Comminations, I believe, would be plenteously pronounced, by even the most liberal of them, against Atheism, Deism; against every Man who disbelieved or doubted the Resurrection of Jesus or the Miracles of the New Testament. Priestley himself would denounce2 the man who Should deny The Apocalyps, or the Prophecies of Daniel. Priestley and Lindsay both have denounced as Idolaters and Blasphemers, all the Trinitarians and even the Arrians. Poor weak Man, when will thy Perfection arrive!3 Perfectibility I Shall not deny: for a greater Character than Priestley or Godwin has Said “Be ye perfect &c.”4 For my part, I cannot deal damnation round the land on all I judge the Foes of God or Man, But I did not intend to Say a Word on this Subject, in this Letter. As much of it as you please hereafter: but let me now return to Politicks.

With Some difficulty, I have hunted up, or down, “the Address of the young men of the City of Philadelphia, the District of Southwark, and the Northern Liberties:”5 and the Answer.

The Addressers Say “Actuated by the same principles on which our forefathers atchieved their independence, the recent Attempts of a foreign Power to derogate from the dignity and rights of our country, awaken our liveliest Sensibility, and our Strongest indignation.” Huzza my brave Boys! Could Thomas Jefferson or John Adams, hear these Words, with insensibility, and without Emotion? These Boys afterwards add “We regard our Liberty and Independence, as the richest portion given Us by our Ancestors.” And, who were these Ancestors? Among them were Thomas Jefferson and John Adams. And I very cooly believe that no two Men among those Ancestors did more towards it than those two. Could either, hear this like Statues? If, one hundred years hence, your Letters and mine Should See the light I hope the Reader, will hunt up this Address and read it all: and remember that We were then engaged or on the point of engaging in a War with France. I Shall not repeat the Answer, till We come to the paragraph, upon which you criticised6 to Dr Priestley: though every Word of it is true, and I now rejoice to See it recorded; and though I had wholly forgotten it.

The Paragraph is “Science and Morals are the great Pillars on which this Country has been raised to its present population, Oppulence and prosperity, and these alone, can advance, Support and preserve it.” “Without wishing to damp the Ardor of curiosity, or influence the freedom of inquiry, I will hazard a prediction, that after the most industrious and impartial Researches, the longest liver of you all, will find no Principles, Institutions, or Systems of Education, more fit, in general to be transmitted to your Posterity, than those you have received from your7 Ancestors.”

Now, compare the paragraph in the Answer, with the paragraph in the Address, as both are quoted above: and See if We can find the Extent and the limits of the meaning of both.

Who composed that Army of fine young Fellows that was then before my Eyes? There were among them, Roman Catholicks English Episcopalians, Scotch and American Presbyterians, Methodists, Moravians, Anababtists, German Lutherans, German Calvinists Universalists, Arians, Priestleyans, Socinians, Independents, Congregationalists, Horse Protestants and House Protestants, Deists and Atheists; and “Protestans qui ne croyent rien.” Very few however of Several of these Species. Never the less all Educated in the general Principles of Christianity: and the general Principles of English and American Liberty.

Could my Answer, be understood, by any candid Reader or Hearer, to recommend, to all the others, the general Principles, Institutions or Systems of Education of the Roman Catholicks? or those of the Quakers? or those of the Presbyterians? or those of the Menonists?8 or those of the Methodists? or those of the Moravians? or those of the Universalists? or those of the Philosophers? No.

The general Principles, on which the Fathers Atchieved Independence, were the only Principles in which, that beautiful Assembly of young Gentlemen9 could Unite, and these Principles only could be intended by them in their Address, or by me in my Answer. And what were these general Principles? I answer, the general Principles of Christianity,10 in which all those Sects were United: And the general Principles of English and American Liberty, in which all those young Men United, and which had United all Parties in America, in Majorities Sufficient to assert and maintain her Independence.

Now I will avow, that I then believed, and now believe, that those general Principles of Christianity, are as eternal and immutable, as the Existence and Attributes of God: and that those Principles of Liberty, are as unalterable as human Nature and our terrestrial, mundane System. I could therefore Safely Say, consistently with all my then and present Information, that I believed they would never make Discoveries in contradiction to these general Principles. In favour of these general Principles in Phylosophy, Religion and Government, I could fill Sheets of quotations from Frederick of Prussia, from Hume, Gibbon, Bolingbroke, Reausseau and Voltaire; as well as Newton11 and Locke: not to mention thousands of Divines and Philosophers of inferiour Fame.

I might have flattered myself that my Sentiments were Sufficiently12 known to have protected me against Suspicions of narrow thoughts contracted Sentiments, biggotted, enthusiastic or Superstitious Principles civil political philosophical, or ecclesiastical. The first Sentence of the Preface to my Defence of the Constitutions, Vol. 1, printed in 1787 is in these Words “The Arts and Sciences, in general, during the three or four last centuries, have had a regular course of progressive improvement. The Inventions in Mechanic Arts, the discoveries in natural Philosophy, navigation and commerce, and the Advancement of civilization and humanity, have occasioned Changes in the condition of the World and the human Character, which would have astonished13 the most refined Nations of Antiquity.”14 &c I will quote no farther: but request you to read again that whole page, and then Say whether the Writer of it, could be Suspected of recommending to youth, “to look backward, instead of forward” for instruction and Improvement.

This Letter is already too long. In my next I Shall consider “The Terrorism of the day.”15 Mean time, I am as ever; your Friend

John Adams

***

His epic phrase, "The general Principles, on which the Fathers Atchieved Independence, were the only Principles in which, that beautiful Assembly of young Gentlemen9 could Unite, and these Principles only could be intended by them in their Address, or by me in my Answer. And what were these general Principles? I answer, the general Principles of Christianity,10 in which all those Sects were United: And the general Principles of English and American Liberty, in which all those young Men United, and which had United all Parties in America, in Majorities Sufficient to assert and maintain her Independence," serves along with Jefferson's nomenclature within the Declaration of Independence, courtesy of the National Archives:

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. 

Jefferson, the sage of Monticello, was most prophetic. Today, America is bearing witness to the gross phenomena of the greatest series of usurpations of the God-given rights of mankind in modern history. Society today has been secularized, the institution of God desecrated and destroyed in the name of a finite series of baseless values known as atheism. John Adams discussed this scenario with regards to the failure of the French Revolution, courtesy of the Online Library of Liberty:

Quincy, 2 March, 1816.

I cannot be serious! I am about to write you the most frivolous letter you ever read. Would you go back to your cradle, and live over again your seventy years? I believe you would return me a New England answer, by asking me another question, “Would you live your eighty years over again?” If I am prepared to give you an explicit answer, the question involves so many considerations of metaphysics and physics, of theology and ethics, of philosophy and history, of experience and romance, of tragedy, comedy, and farce, that I would not give my opinion without writing a volume to justify it. I have lately lived over again in part, from 1753, when I was junior sophister at college, till 1769, when I was digging in the mines as a barrister at law for silver and gold in the town of Boston, and got as much of the shining dross for my labor, as my utmost avarice at that time craved. At the hazard of the little vision that is left me, I have read the history of that period of sixteen years, in the six first volumes of the Baron de Grimm. In a late letter to you, I expressed a wish to see a history of quarrels, and calamities of authors in France, like that of D’Israeli in England; I did not expect it so soon, but now I have it in a manner more masterly than I ever hoped to see it. It is not only a narrative of the incessant great wars between the ecclesiastics and the philosophers, but of the little skirmishes and squabbles of poets, musicians, sculptors, painters, architects, tragedians, comedians, opera singers, and dancers, chansons, vaudevilles, epigrams, madrigals, epitaphs, sonnets, &c.

No man is more sensible than I am of the service to science and letters, humanity, fraternity, and liberty, that would have been rendered by the encyclopedists and economists, by Voltaire, D’Alembert, Buffon, Diderot, Rousseau, La Lande, Frederic and Catherine, if they had possessed common sense. But they were all totally destitute of it. They seemed to think that all Christendom was convinced, as they were, that all religion was “visions judaiques,” and that their effulgent lights had illuminated all the world; they seemed to believe that whole nations and continents had been changed in their principles, opinions, habits, and feelings, by the sovereign grace of their almighty philosophy, almost as suddenly as Catholics and Calvinists believe in instantaneous conversion. They had not considered the force of early education on the minds of millions, who had never heard of their philosophy.

And what was their philosophy? Atheism,—pure, unadulterated atheism. Diderot, D’Alembert, Frederic, De La Lande, and Grimm, were indubitable atheists. The universe was master only, and eternal. Spirit was a word without a meaning. Liberty was a word without a meaning. There was no liberty in the universe; liberty was a word void of sense. Every thought, word, passion, sentiment, feeling, all motion and action was necessary. All beings and attributes were of eternal necessity; conscience, morality, were all nothing but fate. This was their creed, and this was to perfect human nature, and convert the earth into a paradise of pleasure.

Who and what is this fate? He must be a sensible fellow. He must be a master of science; he must be a master of spherical trigonometry, and great circle sailing; he must calculate eclipses in his head by intuition; he must be master of the science of infinitesimals, “la science des infiniment petits.” He must involve and extract all the roots by intuition, and be familiar with all possible or imaginable sections of the cone. He must be a master of the arts, mechanical and imitative; he must have more eloquence than Demosthenes, more wit than Swift or Voltaire, more humor than Butler or Trumbull; and what is more comfortable than all the rest, he must be good-natured; for this is upon the whole a good world. There is ten times as much pleasure as pain in it.

Why, then, should we abhor the word God, and fall in love with the word fate? We know there exists energy and intellect enough to produce such a world as this, which is a sublime and beautiful one, and a very benevolent one, notwithstanding all our snarling; and a happy one, if it is not made otherwise by our own fault.

Ask a mite in the centre of your mammoth cheese, what he thinks of the ‘το πᾶν.” I should prefer the philosophy of Timæus of Locris, before that of Grimm, Diderot, Frederic, and D’Alembert. I should even prefer the Shaster of Indostan, or the Chaldean, Egyptian, Indian, Greek, Christian, Mahometan, Teutonic, or Celtic theology. Timæus and Ocellus taught that three principles were eternal: God, matter, and form. God was good, and had ideas; matter was necessity, fate, dead, without form, without feeling, perverse, untractable, capable, however, of being cut into forms of spheres, circles, triangles, squares, cubes, cones, &c. The ideas of the good God labored upon matter to bring it into form; but matter was fate, necessity, dulness, obstinacy, and would not always conform to the ideas of the good God, who desired to make the best of all possible worlds, but matter, fate, necessity, resisted, and would not let him complete his idea. Hence all the evil and disorder, pain, misery, and imperfection of the universe.

We all curse Robespierre and Bonaparte; but were they not both such restless, vain, extravagant animals as Diderot and Voltaire? Voltaire was the greatest literary character and Bona the greatest military character of the eighteenth century; there is all the difference between them; both equally heroes and equally cowards.

When you asked my opinion of a university, it would have been easy to advise mathematics, experimental philosophy, natural history, chemistry, and astronomy, geography, and the fine arts, to the exclusion of ontology, metaphysics, and theology. But knowing the eager impatience of the human mind to search into eternity and infinity, the first cause and last end of all things, I thought best to leave it its liberty to inquire, till it is convinced, as I have been these fifty years, that there is but one being in the universe who comprehends it, and our last resource is resignation.
This Grimm must have been in Paris when you were there. Did you know him or hear of him?

I have this moment received two volumes more; but these are from 1777 to 1782, leaving the chain broken from 1769 to 1777. I hope hereafter to get the two intervening volumes.

 ***

Adams' description of the principle behind which the French Revolution was fought, per his phrasing, "And what was their philosophy? Atheism,—pure, unadulterated atheism. Diderot, D’Alembert, Frederic, De La Lande, and Grimm, were indubitable atheists. The universe was master only, and eternal. Spirit was a word without a meaning. Liberty was a word without a meaning. There was no liberty in the universe; liberty was a word void of sense. Every thought, word, passion, sentiment, feeling, all motion and action was necessary. All beings and attributes were of eternal necessity; conscience, morality, were all nothing but fate. This was their creed, and this was to perfect human nature, and convert the earth into a paradise of pleasure," is the best measure of the road to Perdition upon which America is traveling today, which will ultimately lead to the great experiment in liberty and democratic republican government's demise. The United States does not formally recognize a state religion; the principles behind which Anglo-America were in part settled incorporated the desire to the free exercise of one's religion without persecution emanating from the state. Sadly, this is exactly what is occurring today.

*** 

(Above: British author and war correspondent George Orwell, 1903-1950, author of Homage to Catalonia, Animal Farm, and Nineteen Eighty-Four.)

In the tradition of Orwellian logic behind corrupt regimes and societies, he concluded Animal Farm (1945):

"ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL
BUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS."

*** 

When I read the news online as many times per day as I do, I cannot help but shed a tear within my heart at the sheer tragedy behind the wanton morality forced upon us first by our elected politicians in both parties who with great success convince the masses that they will care for their every need so long as they trade essential liberty as their cost to bear. Following this, modern pop culture demagogues proclaim that blind obedience to the state and adherence to the obscenely obvious or subliminal messages we watch, read, and to which we listen will enlighten and provide for society a great cultural renaissance of eclecticism and sophisticated masses. Sadly, when these manifestations of the new series of normative mores of Western civilized democracies were realized, the rights of the individual who endeavored as best as he or she could to contribute to society as law-abiding citizens were destroyed, and in their stead a world where our every turn is captured via data scans and the unlawful confiscation of E-mails and phone records, and where natural liberty was replaced with amorality, profligacy and libertine values, the rights of the few declared of minority status legally recognized to supersede all others, and the avarice of individuals in belief of due entitlement that others in society will pay with their taxed incomes for their livelihoods regardless of these individuals' capacity to work.

If we lose liberty here, where are we to turn to regain it? For while our society is by definition morally bankrupt as it has always been due to the reliance upon elected officials comprised of the wealthy elite who wrest away our liberties simply to govern and to accrue more power, it still is the freest in the world, and remains superior to all others. Yet sadly, our leaders today also teach us to despise America, to believe that the principles upon which this continent were settled more than 400 years were at best disingenuous and at worst, to subjugate its natives in much the same manner as the separatists were in England, the latter of which occurred, along with the peculiar institution of slavery. We have failed as a society to meet the expectations our forefathers set before the fellow neighbors within the nation's first settlements by engaging in self-reliance and to responsibly determine what course our destiny will travel.

We see today the citizens in California and Colorado demanding to embark upon a diaspora into smaller states to better represent the people's interests and values in those areas. The large urban areas domestically have grown so large as to dominate the national political landscape while those within suburbia and rural American go unrepresented in accordance to their normative moral principles and economic necessities, for it was none other than the sage of Monticello himself, Thomas Jefferson, who forewarned America about this with the following statement, provided by Thomas Jefferson's Monticello:

"I think our governments will remain virtuous for many centuries; as long as they are chiefly agricultural; and this will be as long as there shall be vacant lands in any part of America. When they get piled upon one another in large cities, as in Europe, they will become corrupt as in Europe."

- Jefferson to James Madison, Paris, 20 Dec. 1787, in PTJ, 12:442

The Seventeenth Amendment was passed in 1913 to delegate the means by which United States senators are to attain their posts through popular elections rather than at the discretion of the state legislatures as was the old law within Article I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution. The House of Representatives traditionally has not experienced so severe a problem with this issue as each district of approximately 700,000 citizens is represented in accordance to their systems of core beliefs and principles with how the culture and economy are structured. The Senate is dominated by the large metropolitan areas where massive poverty in the inner cities tragically are a part of the blight of those large concentrated population centers culture. Sadly, with the definition of insanity being to continue the practice of enforcing policies and perpetuating the culture malefficient of the course which has been implemented for decades and has wrought upon the citizens such horrid conditions and violent crime are as they will forever, the people in these predicaments are not educated enough to analyze what trading their autonomy for subsidies will result: their perpetuated poverty. Corrupt politicians engaging in machtpolitik through money laundering and bribery, and business deals with local organized crime and billionaire corporate tycoons who earn de facto power to form policies through their power of the purse do nothing to lift the people from poverty and moral decadence other than to perpetuate the institution. The civil rights activists who on the surface seek to acquire a greater social and political voice for racial, ethnic, and gender-based demographics have through their measures of gaining publicly-funded welfare for their people only kept them poorer or lesser appreciated. Instead, their measures counterproductively manifested greater disharmony and distrust rather than cooperative fraternity and an eternal peace. 

There are an abundance of options to attempt to quell the tides of moral, social, and economic decadence that is at its most abhorrent, totally pervasive and absolute today than in during any prior era in the nation's history, and I cannot state that I know what answers will cure all ills. At some point, appeasing to those in our society by handling socially troublesome problems with "kid gloves" and walking upon eggshells so as not to offend anyone other than the majority of the population must be fundamentally curbed or ended completely. If America is to accomplish the tasks of resurrecting an imperfect society of peace predicated upon rendering upon it the liberty of simply maintaining their liberties without stifling creativity or ingenuity, it will only bear fruit through the empowerment of the downtrodden with strength and the capacity to engage in entrepreneurial endeavors within their communities, including in impoverished rural areas. Corporations who monopolize our economy like Walmart and the labor and trade unions which have destroyed once great cities like Detroit must be brought to their knees in order to gain for the majority of Americans the opportunity to acquire as high of a living standard as their talents will carry them. No two people are equal in their characteristics, which is why our nation is exceptional. We must not allow for socialism or other measures of disingenuously abdicating the people's liberties and legal rights to be used as a bargaining chip towards insidious designs to usurp legitimacy from the popular sovereignty or the propagation of corruption. The people are the sovereign body politic, a population of the popular sovereignty and of the individual who determines what course they should take, and not the corrupt oligarchy in power. The people are the general will, not the state.

Ultimately, government will not solve the problem plaguing American society today. It will only come to fruition as a result of the reignition of the spirit of the American yeoman resolve. God must triumph in coalescing our nation of fragmented peoples under a unified system of core values and principles to mitigate our means by which we identify the natural laws of liberty and justice for all. We cannot resort to allowing others dictate these terms, to pontificate the supremacy of the state over all facets of daily life, and we must never abdicate our popular sovereignty as a people comprised of individuals rather than a collective.

I only pray that one day, America may seize the opportunity for a new morning, and to realize once and for all time that it is good to be in the neighborhood and for all to befriend their fellow man. The time for choosing is soon at hand. We have a rendezvous with destiny, and that destiny is for we the people to determine its course, not government or pop culture demagogues who do not live paycheck-to-paycheck as must the common man. If we believe in ourselves and the talents we each inherently possess, if we continue to dream and to work diligently and with the Puritans' resolve, we as individuals will never lose but rather always triumph, and the dream behind which our forefathers and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. promulgated so passionately will never die, but live a life eternal and everlasting.

That is the philosophy behind which Fred Rogers lived. And sadly, my generation of millennials have developed a tolerance and worse still, the expectation of entitlement and idleness emanating from the stench of moral decadence. Americans today no longer believe they reside in the world's greatest nation, no longer are endowed with a sense of pride behind which the "shot heard round the world" initiated the birth of our nation on April 19, 1775 in the pathway leading to Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts, and no longer are cognizant to the realization that freedom to one's own devices and measures of self-determination nor essential God-given liberty guaranteed by Him through the laws of nature come free nor without paying a price. 

In closing, America long ago traded responsibility and self-reliance for government regulations and conditional welfare for some who play the system while others truly in need may not legally receive it. If we as a people are to survive and as Obama press secretary Jay Carney stated infamously to "pursue our passions," we will never again be capable of embarking upon such endeavors under the government's watch. It will only bear fruit through the power of the individual and his or her capacity to self-determination. The latter, therefore, is liberty; the former is, instead, slavery. Utopia, then, is the uniformity of a starving mass of peoples relegation to authoritarian soup lines, not liberty through individuality. Be careful with which politician you opt to support. They are all corrupt and morally-bankrupt, but in the end, the lesser of two evils must prevail.